横断面研究：职业性别隔离可由心理性别差异强烈预测
Occupational Sex Segregation is Strongly Predicted by Psychological Sex Differences
一项涵盖429种职业的横断面研究发现，基于特质性别差异与职业要求推算的从业者性别构成，能高度预测实际人群性别比。兴趣与认知联合模型的解释力最高（R² = .49），兴趣模型次之（R² = .46），认知模型为R² = .18；单项特质中对事物的兴趣预测力最强（R² = .42）。认知性别差异对男性高占比职业的预测力强于女性高占比职业。
If traits of individuals are associated with occupational choice, sex differences in those traits should be associated with sex differences in occupational choice, and consequently, with occupational sex segregation. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the extent to which this is the case for spatial ability, verbal ability, agreeableness, emotional stability, interest in people and interest in things, across 429 occupations. Participants (N = 2,576, aged 35-45) completed online tests and questionnaires, while students rated occupational requirements. For each occupation, the population sex composition of people with traits in line with requirements was estimated, using trait sex differences and occupational requirement profiles. Estimates were highly predictive of actual population sex ratios, with the model assessing interest and cognition in conjunction explaining the most variance (R2 = .49), followed by the interest model (R2 = .46) and the cognition model (R2 = .18). Among individual traits, sex differences in interest in things were by far the most predictive (R2 = .42). Notably, sex differences in cognition were more predictive of high proportions of men in occupations than high proportions of women. Given lifespan trait stability, these results suggest that cognition and interests matter in occupational choice, with sex differences consequently contributing substantially to occupational sex segregation.
来源：PsyArXiv 预印本 · osf.io